The chip is mainly composed of transistors, resistors, capacitors and other components. ‌
The transistor, the basic building block of a chip ‌, is a semiconductor device that controls how electricity flows out.
Transistors in modern chips have been reduced to the size of nanometers and billions of these tiny switches can be packed onto a tiny chip.
Transistors are mainly divided into N-type and P-type two kinds, through the clever combination of these two kinds of transistors,
can achieve a variety of logic functions.

Semiconductor material

Semiconductor materials are usually silicon, silicon atoms have four electrons in the outermost layer,
neither easy to lose electrons, nor easy to get electrons, and its electrical conductivity is between a conductor and an insulator.
When specific impurities (such as phosphorus, boron, etc.) are added to silicon, their electrical properties are changed.
For example, after adding phosphorus atoms, the electrical conductivity of silicon is enhanced, and this doped silicon is called N-type semiconductor;
After adding boron atoms, the electrical conductivity of silicon is weakened, and this doped silicon is called P-type semiconductor.